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Medical Research News Medical Research Council and GSK to identify new therapeutic targets from genetic association studies
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34748
The Medical Research Council (MRC) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have announced the creation of a jointly funded programme seeking to identify and validate genes associated with common human diseases. A key aim of the programme will be to translate these observations into new drug targets and biomarkers of disease.
Elusive pancreatic stem cells found in adult mice
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34729
Just as many scientists had given up the search, researchers have discovered that the pancreas does indeed harbor stem cells with the capacity to generate new insulin-producing beta cells.
Researchers identify five genes with possible protective capabilities against a Parkinson's disease trait
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34731
University of Alabama researchers have identified five genes within animal models displaying protective capabilities against a hallmark trait of Parkinson's disease.
New approach to detect autism earlier
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34736
A new way of understanding autistic disorders, incorporating both psychological and biological factors, could lead to the conditions being picked up earlier, research from UNSW has found.
Protein that controls hair growth also keeps stem cells slumbering
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34739
Like fine china and crystal, which tend to be used sparingly, stem cells divide infrequently.
Novel method for assigning probabilities to human protein interactions
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34743
The Stowers Institute's Proteomics Center has published a novel method of using normalized spectral counts derived from a series of affinity purifications analyzed by mass spectrometry (APMS) to generate a probabilistic measure of the preference of proteins to associate with one another.
Weakness found in anthrax bacterium
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34744
MIT and New York University researchers have identified a weakness in the defenses of the anthrax bacterium that could be exploited to produce new antibiotics.
Deficient regulators in the immune system responsible for type 1 diabetes
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34727
The main regulators of the immune system, called CD4+Treg cells, are thought to be highly involved in a large range of immune diseases.
Researchers unravel mystery of cell division
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34740
Experts in mitosis (cell division) at the University of Virginia Health System have made discoveries that explain how one protein the kinase Aurora B could have such a large role in guiding and policing the process of cell division.
Building stronger bones, one stem cell at a time
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34719
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow-derived cells that are capable of giving rise to various cell types through a process known as differentiation.
Improved diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis thanks to new techniques
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34732
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a non-lethal disease but can have grave consequences for the patient.
Mental and physical stimulation delays dementia in Huntington's disease
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34735
Scientists at Melbourne's Howard Florey Institute have discovered that mental and physical stimulation delays the onset of dementia in the fatal genetic disease, Huntington's disease.
Search for the 'on' switches may reveal genetic role in development and disease
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34742
A new resource that identifies regions of the human genome that regulate gene expression may help scientists learn about and develop treatments for a number of human diseases, according to researchers at Duke's Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy (IGSP).
Evolutionary 'battle scars' identify enhanced antiviral activity
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34730
Rapid evolution of a protein produced by an immunity gene is associated with increased antiviral activity in humans, a finding that suggests evolutionary biology and virology together can accelerate the discovery of viral-defense mechanisms, according to researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
New method enables design, production of extremely novel drugs
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34700
A new chemical synthesis method based on a catalyst worth many times the price of gold and providing a far more efficient and economical method than traditional ones for designing and manufacturing extremely novel pharmaceutical compounds is described by its University at Buffalo developers in a review article in the current issue of Nature.
Nitrogen fixation process in plants to combat drought in various species of legumes
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34701
The regulation of the biological fixation of nitrogen in hydric stress conditions varies with the different species of legume plants studied.
No clear evidence that antidepressants assist in the management of chronic low back pain
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34702
Doctors commonly prescribe antidepressants for patients with low back pain for three main reasons; to relieve pain; reduce mild depression and improve a person's mood; and improve sleep.
Researchers identify brain's 'eureka' circuitry
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34710
Researchers have found the brain region that controls the decision to halt your midnight exploration of the refrigerator and commence enjoyment of that leftover chicken leg.
New approach to gene therapy
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34714
RNA interference (RNAi) represents an innovative new strategy for using small RNA molecules to silence specific genes associated with disease processes, and a series of review articles describing the state-of-the-art and potential therapeutic applications of RNAi and microRNAs will begin with two review papers in the January 2008 issue (Volume 19, Number 1) of Human Gene Therapy, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Genetic difference predicts antidepressant response
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34689
Researchers have identified subtle genetic variations that predict the efficacy of two widely used antidepressant drugs.
DNA sensors found to be an effective artificial nose
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34680
In designing artificial noses modeled after biological olfaction, the challenge has been to generate a similarly large sensor repertoire with the requisite combinatorial complexity to detect odors in the real world.
Cigarettes leave deadly path by purging protective genes
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34676
A University of Rochester scientist discovered that the toxins in cigarette smoke wipe out a gene that plays a vital role in protecting the body from the effects of premature aging.
Evolutionary phenomenon in mice may explain human infertility
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34686
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have found that field mice have evolved a unique way of ensuring faster fertilisation, a phenomenon which could explain some cases of infertility in humans.
Engineers use blood's hydrodynamics to manipulate stem, cancer cells
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34685
A tiny, implantable device has pulled adult stem cells out of a living rat with a far greater purity than any present technique.
Handwashing can reduce diarrhea episodes by about one third
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34690
Both in institutions and in communities, interventions that promote hand washing lead to significant reductions in the incidence of diarrhoea.
Hawthorn extract helps the heart
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34691
Taking hawthorn extract can help control symptoms of chronic heart disease such as low abilities to work and walk, and also improve a range of heart-related measurements.
Cranberries might help prevent urinary infections in women
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34678
Evidence supports drinking cranberry juice a familiar home remedy to treat urinary tract infection (UTI), according to a new review from Scotland.
Genetic switches could lower cost of producing drugs, proteins
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34641
Bacteria have evolved complex mechanisms called quorum sensing systems that provide for cell-to-cell communication, an adaptation that allows them to wait until their population grows large enough before mounting an attack on a host or competing for nutrients.
Do national dietary guidelines do more harm than good?
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34634
For nearly three decades, Americans have become accustomed to hearing about the latest dietary guidelines, which are required by federal regulation to be revised and reissued at five-year intervals.
New compounds for treating tuberculosis and malaria
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34659
University of Navarra PhD in chemistry researcher, Esther Vicente, has discovered new compounds active for treating tuberculosis and malaria.
Skull survey could improve vehicle safety
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34667
Women's skulls are thicker than men's, but they both shrink slowly after we reach adulthood.
Researchers look at link between inability to express emotions and sleep disturbances
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34632
A group of Finnish investigators has explored the relationship between alexithymia (the inability to express emotions) and sleep disturbances in the 2008 January issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
Computer model for osteoporosis diagnostics
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34623
Osteoporosis, a common age-related disease, is being investigated by a group of biomechanical engineers at Vienna University of Technology (TU Vienna).
Food peptides activate bitter taste receptors
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34638
Researchers from the Monell Center and Tokyo University of Agriculture have used a novel molecular method to identify chemical compounds from common foods that activate human bitter taste receptors.
Gene therapy for pain
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34661
Researchers in the Department of Medicine and Department of Neurosciences at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have discovered that chronic pain can be successfully treated with novel targeted gene therapy.
Brain molecule from endothelial cells may be a new target for treatment of multiple sclerosis
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34650
In the February issue of Nature Immunology, the team provides fresh answers concerning the role of novel adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of MS, a chronic autoimmune disease of the nervous system that affects approximately 55,000 young adults in Canada.
New anticancer drugs may block HSP90-IP6K2 protein interaction involved in cell death
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34656
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered a previously unsuspected mechanism of cell death that may afford a new way to find and develop stronger yet less-harmful anticancer drugs.
A good fight with your spouse may be good for your health!
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34613
Couples in which both the husband and wife suppress their anger when one attacks the other die earlier than members of couples where one or both partners express their anger and resolve the conflict, according to preliminary results of a University of Michigan study.
New method for measuring protein synthesis
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34648
In a major breakthrough for future research and drug development, a team of Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) investigators developed a new, more reliable method for measuring protein synthesis and turnover, processes that are critical to understanding cellular functions.
New way to boost the immune system
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34657
Queen's University immunologists have discovered how to manipulate the immune system to increase its power and protect the body from successive viral infections.
Red meat and diet sodas - a recipe for metabolic syndrome
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34625
The latest research from the U.S. has found that people who eat two or more servings of red meat a day and drink diet sodas, are at risk of developing conditions leading to heart disease and diabetes.
New research finds way for wounds to heal without scars
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34608
The researchers from Bristol University believe their discovery has major implications not just for wound victims, but also for people who suffer organ tissue damage through illness or abdominal surgery.
Why certain people cannot express emotions
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34609
A report in the 2008 Jan issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics by a group of Dutch investigators explores the relationship between alexithymia (the inability to express emotions) and the tolerance of negative emotions.
New understanding of the link between heart disease and belly fat
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34606
By now, everyone knows that overweight people have a higher risk of heart attacks, strokes and other problems that arise from clogged, hardened arteries. And people who carry their extra weight around their waist - giving them a "beer belly" or an "apple" shape - have the highest risk of all.
Gene therapy promises relief from chronic pain
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34595
Researchers in the U.S. have discovered that chronic pain can be successfully treated with a new gene therapy technique.
Stem cell research aims to tackle Parkinson's disease
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34555
Scientists in Sweden are developing new ways to grow brain cells in the laboratory that could one day be used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease, an international conference of biologists organised by the European Science Foundation (ESF) was told last week.
Stem-cell transplantation improves muscles in MD animal model
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34556
Using embryonic stem cells from mice, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have prompted the growth of healthy - and more importantly, functioning - muscle cells in mice afflicted with a human model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Case researcher in RNA biology makes waves by challenging current thinking
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34522
In the January 18th issue of Molecular Cell, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine researcher Kristian E. Baker, Ph.D. challenges molecular biology's established body of evidence and widely-accepted model for nonsense-mediated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) decay.
Something special about loneliness
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34549
New research at the University of Chicago finds evidence for a clever way that people manage to alleviate the pain of loneliness: They create people in their surroundings to keep them company.
Smoking wipes out protective genes
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34524
A University of Rochester scientist discovered that the toxins in cigarette smoke wipe out a gene that plays a vital role in protecting the body from the effects of premature aging.
New diagnostic technique using bioimpedance spectroscopy to diagnose cervical and skin cancers
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34563
A non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect surface cancers quickly and painlessly using technology currently employed by gyms to calculate body composition has been developed by a QUT PhD medical physics researcher.
Minute genetic differences have major consequences
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34561
A study led by McGill University researchers has demonstrated that small differences between individuals at the DNA level can lead to dramatic differences in the way genes produce proteins.
New method to transfer DNA into a host cell
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34523
Genetically engineered products have become indispensable. For example, genetically modified bacteria produce human insulin.
How anti-TNF compounds work
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34519
Powerful drugs used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a profound, previously unrecognized effect on the immune system, breaking up molecular "training camps" for rogue cells that play an increasingly recognized role in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Sleep plays a critical role in the brain's ability to learn
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34520
Most people know it from experience: After so many hours of being awake, your brain feels unable to absorb any more-and several hours of sleep will refresh it.
Discovery major step forward in treating leukemia
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34528
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have discovered for the first time a pathway that makes cancerous leukaemia cells resistant to treatment.
Researchers identify a means of controlling a parasite that kills and eats human cells
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34552
Researchers from the University of Virginia and the University of Vermont have discovered a means of inhibiting one of the world's most voracious parasites.
Stem cell therapy restores muscle function in mice with muscular dystrophy
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34569
Scientists in Texas have been able to restore muscle function in mice with muscular dystrophy by using embryonic stem cells.
Scientists uncover role of cancer stem cell marker: controlling gene expression
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34481
Scientists at Jefferson's Kimmel Cancer Center in Philadelphia have made an extraordinary advance in the understanding of the function of a gene previously shown to be part of an 11-gene "signature" that can predict which tumors will be aggressive and likely to spread.
Diet and lifestyle critical to recovery
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34472
Diet and lifestyle may play a much more significant role in a person's ability to respond favourably to certain drugs, including some cancer therapies, than previously understood, say scientists.
Discovery opens door to 'personalized' asthma therapy
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34474
In the last few years, "personalized medicine" using genetic or other molecular biology-based diagnostic tests to customize treatment for a particular patient has emerged as a powerful new tool for health care.
Cancer stem cell marker also drives transcription in normal cells
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34467
New research links the recently discovered function of a multi-faceted transcriptional complex to control of gene expression in both normal cells and cancer stem cells.
Previously unknown Merkel cell polyomavirus linked to deadly skin cancer
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34487
A new strategy to hunt for human viruses described in this week's issue of the journal Science by the husband-and-wife team who found the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma has revealed a previously unknown virus strongly associated with another rare but deadly skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma.
Scientists focus on Epstein-Barr virus
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34460
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human-pathogenic virus which belongs to the herpes virus family.
Alzheimer's molecule is a smart speed bump on the nerve-cell transport highway
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34463
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that proteins carrying chemical cargo in nerve cells react differently when exposed to the tau protein, which plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease.
Smallest particles from vehicle emissions may promote hardening of the arteries
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34461
Patients prone to heart disease may one day be told by physicians to avoid not only fatty foods and smoking but air pollution too.
An emerging candidate for protecting patients from liver injury after abdomen surgery
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34413
Many patients worldwide are going to receive major abdomen surgery or intestine transplantation every year and expect to be afflicted with liver injury afterwards.
Rare lung disease cells indicate higher death risk
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34440
Large numbers of certain cells in the lungs of patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may increase their chance of death, University of Cincinnati (UC) researchers have discovered.
Gene markers located for hereditary prostate cancer
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34426
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Brady Urological Institute, Wake Forest University and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have identified an array of gene markers for hereditary prostate cancer that, along with family history for the disease, appear to raise risk to more than nine times that of men without such markers.
Extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34414
In 1994, the team of Tchernev and Petrova from Alexandrovska Hospital in Sofia examined a female patient with liver cirrhosis caused by chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV).
New approach to cadmium induced hepatoxicity
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34412
Cadmium comes from a wide variety of sources in the environment and from industry and is extremely toxic to humans.
Acanthus ilicifolius plant may combat liver cancer
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34429
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world with a poor prognosis. About three quarters of the cases of liver cancer are found in Southeast Asia, including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, India, and Japan.
Cell death suppression increases efficacy of M2 vaccines
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34418
Significant public attention has recently been focused on the development of new anti-influenza (flu) vaccines that provide protection against a broad spectrum of viral strains.
Type 1 diabetes triggered by lazy T-cells
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34398
A research team led by Dr. Ciriaco A. Piccirillo of McGill University's Department of Microbiology and Immunology has discovered that in some individuals, the specialized immunoregulatory T-cells that regulate the body's autoimmune reactions may lose their effectiveness and become "lazy" over time, leading to the onset of type 1 diabetes.
Molecules might identify high-risk acute-leukemia patients
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34379
New research suggests that certain small molecules used by cells to control the proteins they make might also help doctors identify adult acute-leukemia patients who are likely to respond poorly to therapy.
Researchers find cell protein that blocks HIV virus generation
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34360
UCLA researchers have found that a key protein in the body's dendritic cells can stop the virus that causes AIDS from "budding" part of the virus' life cycle that is crucial to its ability to replicate and infect other cells.
Iowa State researchers aim to improve vaccine technology
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34373
A team of Iowa State University researchers is examining a new vaccine method that may change the way we get vaccinations.
Unique role of apoptosis protein TRADD in viral signaling
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34363
Epstein-Barr virus is incredibly common in humans; up to 95% of adults in the developed world have been infected, which causes glandular fever and has been linked to the development of several forms of cancer.
Genetic differences may explain response to multiple sclerosis treatment
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34370
By comparing the DNA of patients with multiple sclerosis whose symptoms are reduced by interferon beta therapy to the DNA of those who continue to experience relapses, researchers may have identified important genetic differences between the two, according to an article posted online that will appear in the March 2008 print issue of Archives of Neurology.
Gender differences in liver cancer
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34378
A fundamental difference in the way males and females respond to chronic liver disease at the genetic level helps explain why men are more prone to liver cancer, according to MIT researchers.
Viroporins, membrane-permeabilizing proteins of the poliomyelitis virus
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34400
A research team from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid directed by Professor Luís Carrasco has published new discoveries concerning the membrane permeabilizing proteins of the polio virus.
Probiotic drinks work - but who knows how or why?
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34349
New research from Imperial College London and the Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland, says that probiotic drinks and yoghurts help the gut but it is unclear how or why.
Genetic differences may help explain response to multiple sclerosis treatment
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34315
By comparing the DNA of patients with multiple sclerosis whose symptoms are reduced by interferon beta therapy to the DNA of those who continue to experience relapses, researchers may have identified important genetic differences between the two, according to an article posted online that will appear in the March 2008 print issue of Archives of Neurology.
New auditory cortex research may bring better hearing aids and more effective speech recognition systems
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34320
Recognising people, objects or animals by the sound they make is an important survival skill and something most of us take for granted.
How exactly does aging affect judgment and decision-making abilities?
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34338
We often read or hear stories about older adults being conned out of their life savings, but are older individuals really more susceptible to fraud than younger adults?
University of Minnesota researchers have created a beating heart in the laboratory
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34301
By using a process called whole organ decellularization, scientists from the University of Minnesota Center for Cardiovascular Repair grew functioning heart tissue by taking dead rat and pig hearts and reseeding them with a mixture of live cells. The research will be published online in the January 13 issue of Nature Medicine.
Uncovering the Achilles' heel of the HIV-1 envelope
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34302
New structural details illustrate how a promising class of antibodies may block human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and reveal valuable clues for design of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
Stem cells make bone marrow cancer resistant to treatment
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=34298
Scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center say they have evidence that cancer stem cells for multiple myeloma share many properties with normal stem cells and have multiple ways of resisting chemotherapy and other treatments.

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